Definition: In decision-making and communication, psychological barriers act as mental roadblocks. Such barriers impair an individual’s ability to make informed decisions and hinder effective communication. Often called emotional barriers, these psychological impediments have gained attention from reputable institutions like the Project Management Institute (PMI, USA) and the American Psychological Association. Types of Psychological Barriers Conclusion …

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Definition: Informal communication is casual discussion among coworkers. It is unofficial and does not conform to any rules, processes, or chain of command. Informal communication can happen within the same level or between higher and lower-level staff and is based on the social relations formed inside the workplace. Informal communication helps build relationships and create …

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Definition: International marketing is the marketing of products or services across borders. International marketing is also known as global marketing and helps businesses reach different countries with different cultures using localized approaches. Examples of International Marketing Export Import Online Strategy Licensing Franchising Partnership Direct Investment Takeover Export This is the most common and traditional example …

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Definition: A Horizontal Marketing System is a distribution channel arrangement between two or more organizations on the same level (but unrelated market) to join and get the benefits of each other’s expertise and economies of scale. This strategy helps save money, time, and effort and earns them profit, and increases brand awareness. Horizontal marketing is …

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